WorldEnergyOutlookSpecialReportEnergyandAI��������INTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCYIEAMembercountries:AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzechRepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNewZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovakRepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublicofTürkiyeUnitedKingdomUnitedStatesTheEuropeanCommissionalsoparticipatesintheworkoftheIEAIEAAssociationcountries:ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouthAfricaThailandUkraineTheIEAexaminesthefullspectrumofenergyissuesincludingoil,gasandcoalsupplyanddemand,renewableenergytechnologies,electricitymarkets,energyefficiency,accesstoenergy,demandsidemanagementandmuchmore.Throughitswork,theIEAadvocatespoliciesthatwillenhancethereliability,affordabilityandsustainabilityofenergyinits32Membercountries,13Associationcountriesandbeyond.Pleasenotethatthispublicationissubjecttospecificrestrictionsthatlimititsuseanddistribution.Thetermsandconditionsareavailableonlineatwww.iea.org/termsThispublicationandanymapincludedhereinarewithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea.Source:IEA.InternationalEnergyAgencyWebsite:www.iea.orgForeword3ForewordInrecentyears,artificialintelligence(AI)hassoaredtothetopofthepoliticalandbusinessagenda.Onceamostlyacademicpursuit,ithasevolvedintoanindustrywithtrillionsofdollarsatstake.Despitesignificantuncertainties,itisnowveryclear:AIiscoming.Inmanysectors,itisalreadyhere.Thishasmajorconsequencesfortheglobalenergysector.ThereisnoAIwithoutenergy–specificallyelectricity.Atthesametime,AIhasthepotentialtotransformthesector’sfuture.However,policymakersandthemarkethaveoftenlackedthetoolstofullyunderstandthesewide-rangingimpacts.Recognisingthisgap,theInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)steppeduptoaddressitbyleveragingourexpertiseindatacollectionandanalysis,aswellasourconveningpower,toinformandstrengthentheglobaldialogueontheseissues.WebegananewworkstreamonthenexusofenergyandAIoverayearago,whichhasresultedinaseriesofkeyactivitiesandoutputs,culminatinginthisspecialreport.InDecember2024,weheldtheGlobalConferenceonEnergyandAI,thelargestinternationalgatheringonthemattertodate,atourheadquartersinParis.Itbroughttogetherpolicymakers,thetechsector,theenergyindustryandinternationalexpertstodiscussthecriticalissuesatplay.ThishelpedlaygroundworkfortheAIActionSummit,co-chairedbyPresidentEmmanuelMacronofFranceandPrimeMinisterNarendraModiofIndia,inFebruary2025–aneventtowhichtheIEAmadecrucialcontributions.Thisspecialreportadvancestheconversationfurther.ItisthefirstcomprehensiveglobalanalysisexaminingallaspectsofthelinksbetweenenergyandAI–frompathwaystosecurelyandsustainablymeetingenergydemandforAI,tohowAIitselfcouldtransformtheproduction,consumptionandtransportofenergyaroundtheworld.TheanalysisexplorestheimplicationsoftheriseofAIonenergysecurity,investment,emissionsandmore–providingastrongfactualbasisforthosethinkingthroughthechallengesandopportunitiesahead.ThisreportshowsthatelectricitydemandforAIisgrowingfastglobally,evenifothersourcesofdemandaregrowingfaster.Insomepartsoftheworld,theeffectsofAIonelectricitysystemsaresettobeverysignificant.Withthisinmind,wesuggestthreepillarscountriesshouldbearinmindastheyplanforthefuture.The...
