SystemofEnvironmental-EconomicAccountingEcosystemAccountingDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairsStatisticsDivisionSystemofEnvironmental-EconomicAccounting–EcosystemAccountingST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/124StatisticalPapersSeriesFNo.124UnitedNationsNewYork,2024Thedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialinthisinformationprod-uctdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheUnitedNations,theEuropeanUnion,FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO),InternationalMonetaryFund(IMF),theOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),theUnitedNationsEnvironmentPro-gramme(UNEP)ortheInternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment/TheWorldBank,(WorldBank)concerningthelegalordevelopmentstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfron-tiersorboundaries.Thementionofspecificcompaniesorproductsofmanufacturers,whetherornotthesehavebeenpatented,doesnotimplythatthesehavebeenendorsedorrecommendedbyUnitedNations,EuropeanUnion,FAO,IMF,OECD,UNEPinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned.Theviewsexpressedinthisinformationproductarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsorpoliciesofUnitedNations,EuropeanUnion,FAO,IMF,UNEPortheWorldBank.FortheOECD,thisworkispreparedundertheresponsibil-ityoftheSecretary-GeneraloftheOECD,andtheopinionsexpressedandargumentsemployedhereindonotnecessarilyreflecttheofficialviewsoftheMembercountriesoftheOECD.TheWorldBankdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracy,completeness,orcurrencyofthedataincludedinthisworkanddoesnotassumeresponsibilityforanyerrors,omis-sions,ordiscrepanciesintheinformation,orliabilitywithrespecttotheuseoforfailuretousetheinformation,methods,processes,orconclusionssetforth.Thecita-tionofworksauthoredbyothersdoesnotmeantheWorldBankendorsestheviewsexpressedbythoseauthorsorthecontentoftheirworks.ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/124UnitedNationspublicationSalesNo.E.22.XVII.1ISBN:978-92-1-259183-4eISBN:978-92-1-000093-2ISBN:978-92-68-19430-0[EuropeanUnion]Cataloguenumber:KS-02-24-643-EN-N[EuropeanUnion]ISBN:978-92-5-139334-5[FAO]Copyright©2024UnitedNationsEuropeanUnionFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsInternationalMonetaryFundOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentTheInternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment/TheWorldBankAllrightreservedworldwideiiiPrefaceThereisgrowingrecognitionthatoureconomiesareembeddedwithinanddepend-entonnatureandthatnatureitself,asournaturalcapital,shouldberecognizedasanassettotheeconomy.Further,astheeconomicandsocialimpactsoftheclimateandbiodiversitycrisesbecomemoreevident,policymakersareincreasinglyseekingrobustmeasurementthatgoesbeyondgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)andintegratesenvi-ronmentalandeconomicdata.TheSystemofEnvironmental-EconomicAccounting(SEEA)isaninternationalstatisticalstandardthatsupportsintegrateddecision-mak-ingbymeasuringtheinterdependenceoftheeconomyandtheenvironment.TheSystemofEnvironmental-EconomicAccounting–EcosystemAccounting(SEEAEA)wasadoptedbytheUnitedNationsStatisticalCommissioninMarch2021asaninternationalstatisticalstandardfortheecosystemaccountingframeworkandphysicalecosystemaccounts,andpresentsinternationallyrecognizedstatisticalprin-ciplesandrecommendationsforthevaluationofecosystemservicesandassets.TheadoptionofSEEAEAisahistoricstepforwardtowardstransforminghownatureisviewedandvalued.Importantly,env...
