COPPER— THE PATHWAY TO NET ZEROMarch 2023GlossaryAbbreviationsADAT: asset decarbonization assessment toolCAPEX: capital expendituresESG: environmental, social, governanceEV: electric vehicleGHG: greenhouse gas emissionsIACS: International Annealed Copper StandardICA: International Copper AssociationICMM: International Council on Mining and MetalsICSG: International Copper Study GroupIEA: International Energy AgencyIFC: International Finance CorporationLCA: life cycle assessment LME: London Metal ExchangeMACC: Marginal Abatement Cost CurveOECD: Organization for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentOPEX: operational expensesPPA: Power Purchase AgreementPV: photovoltaicUN: United NationsTerminologyAlternative fuels: e-fuels, biogas, biomethane, hydrogen and ammonia produced with non-fossil energy, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), biocharArchetypes: short for “archetypical production processes,” combinations of major production stages and technologies of copper productionCopper industry: includes copper mines, smelters, refiners, recycling facilities and fabricators of semi-finished products from copper and copper alloysCopper producers: includes copper mines, smelters, refiners and recycling facilitiesCopper production: the production of refined copper from copper ore extracted from mines or copper scrap generated through recyclingElectricity mix: the mix of energy sources used to produce electricity in a particular country or regionEnd-of-life recycling rate: the share of copper-containing products reaching the end of their life cycle that is collected, separated and processed into copper scrapEnd-of-life recycling input rate: the share of refined copper production originating from old scrapEnergy or clean energy transition: the transition from an economy bas...
