1CriticalRawMaterialsGuideInsightsfromanenergytransitionperspective2SecuringthesustainablesupplyofcriticalrawmaterialsisessentialtodeliverontheEU’sgreenpolicyambitionsandenhancetheregion’sresilienceandautonomy.Arupcanguideyou.3Relevance3Definition&use4Origin9VolatilityDrivers20Sustainability25TableofContents4Thisguideaimstoprovideanintroductionontheutilisation,origin,(macro-)economics,andenvironmentalissuesofcriticalrawmaterialsasdefinedbytheEU,focusingspecificallyonthosewithapivotalroleindrivingtheglobalenergytransition.IntroductiontotheCriticalRawMaterialsGuideCriticalRawMaterialsformthebasisformanyproductsrelevanttoadvancementoncurrentglobalchallenges,suchastheenergyanddigitaltransitions,andthusthefutureeconomy.Gettingtogripswithsourcingthesematerialsisthereforeimportanttostayaheadinprovidingtoptieradvicetoourclients,specificallythoseoperatingintheenergytransitionspace.Thisguideisanobjectiveperspectiveonoriginationandchallengesofrawmaterialstoaglobalenergytransition,whileusingtheEUdefinitionintheCriticalRawMaterialsAct(CRMA)asthecurrentmarketstandardforwhatdefinesCriticalRawMaterials.Indoingso,aconcretenumberof34CriticalRawMaterials,and17StrategicCriticalRawMaterialscanbedistinguished.Ofthese,sixStrategicCriticalRawMaterialsareidentifiedasparticularlyrelevanttotheEnergyTransitionthatwillreceivespecialattentioninthisguide;Cobalt,Copper,Lithium,Graphite,NickelandRareEarthElements.RelevanceRelevanceDefinition&useOriginVolatilityDriversSustainabilityDefinition&use6StrategicCriticalRawMaterialsareessentialtoprogressintheenergyanddigitaltransitionsectorsandhaveahighsupplyrisk(fromanEUperspective).Thisguideexplorescopper,nickel,graphite,cobalt,lithiumandrareearthsfortheirimportancetotheenergytransition.EUdefinitionforCriticalRawMaterialsCriticalRawMaterialsTheEuropeanUnion(EU)hasdevelopedadefinitionofCriticalRawMaterials(CRM),aspartoftheirCriticalRawMaterialsAct(CRMA).Itclearlyoutlineswhichmaterialsareincludedandcanbeperceivedasthemarket-standarddefinitionTheEUhasoutlined34rawmaterialsundertheCRMAthatarecrucialfortheEU’seconomy.Theyareclassifiedassuchfortheireconomicimportanceandtheirsupplyrisk,i.e.imbalancesinglobaldemandandsupplyand/orhighlyconcentratedsupplyinoneorseveralgeographicalareas.StrategicCriticalRawMaterials17oftheseareclassifiedas“strategic“,duetotheircriticalitytostrategicsectorsfortheEUthatarevitalforasustainableandresilientfuture,suchas;renewableenergygeneration,low-carbon(emission)alternatives(e.g.electricmobility)anddigitisation:Thelistissubjecttoregularreviewandcanbeupdated.CriticalRawMaterialsintheenergytransitionThe17definedstrategicCRMsarepresentedinthetableadjacent.Aselectionofthosecriticaltotheenergytransition(basedontheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)reportoncriticalmineralsintheEnergyTransition),andfurtheranalysedinthisdocumentarepresentedinbold.1.Cobalt:Essentialtotheelectrificationofmobilityandtheelectronicsneededforsmartdevices2.Copper:Electricconductivityfundamentaltorenewableenergyinfrastructure,storagesystemsandEVs3.Graphite:Usedasthedominantmaterialinbatteryanodesforitsenergydensityandcost-effectiveness4.Lithium:Lithiumbatteriesfeaturemodularity,highenergydensityandhighcharging&dischargingefficiencySource|EuropeanCommission,IEAWhatareCriticalRawMaterials?Overviewofthe17definedstrategicCRMintheCriticalRawMaterialsActAluminiumMagnesiumBism...
