NETZEROENERGYBY2060ChartingthePathofEuropeandCentralAsiaTowardaSecureandSustainableEnergyFuturePublicDisclosureAuthorizedPublicDisclosureAuthorizedPublicDisclosureAuthorizedPublicDisclosureAuthorizedAbbreviationsandacronyms.........................................................................................................6Definitionsofsubregions................................................................................................................7Acknowledgments...........................................................................................................................8Executivesummary.......................................................................................................................10Countrycoverage............................................................................................................................11Keyfindingsonshort-termenergysecurity................................................................................11Keyfindingsontheenergytransitionandenergysecurityinthelongerterm......................13Theuseofcoal,oil,andgasintheregionisonthedeclinethrough2060....................14Renewableenergycangraduallyreplacefossilfuels,aidedbyenergyefficiency........14GreaterinvestmentwillbeneededtoachievetheNetZero2060goal.........................15Part1•Short-termenergysecurityintheregion:Thecrisisisnotover................................17Redefiningenergysecurity.............................................................................................................17Gassecurity......................................................................................................................................19ImpactonRussia’sgasproduction......................................................................................22Impactoncountriesintheregion........................................................................................23GassecurityintheEU4andWesternBalkancountries....................................................26GassecurityinCentralAsia...................................................................................................27ThelimitsofTürkiye’sabilitytoabsorbRussia’ssurplusgas...........................................28Oilsecurity:Ongoingshifts............................................................................................................30Energysecurityandtheenergytransition...................................................................................35Part2•Theenergytransition:Apathwaytoanetzeroregionby2060.................................37Whatdoesittaketodecarbonizetheregion?............................................................................42Transformingtheregion’sgassector...........................................................................................45Developingahydrogensector.......................................................................................................48Transformingtheregion’spowersector......................................................................................52Theimportanceofsystemflexibilityforincreasingtheroleofrenewables..................55Thecombinedeffectofbetterdemandresponseandheightenedproductionofgreenhydrogen.............................................................