Definitionsfornear-zeroandlow-emissionssteelandcement,andunderlyingemissionsmeasurementmethodologiesSummaryofemergingunderstandingsTheIEAexaminesthefullspectrumofenergyissuesincludingoil,gasandcoalsupplyanddemand,renewableenergytechnologies,electricitymarkets,energyefficiency,accesstoenergy,demandsidemanagementandmuchmore.Throughitswork,theIEAadvocatespoliciesthatwillenhancethereliability,affordabilityandsustainabilityofenergyinits31membercountries,13associationcountriesandbeyond.Thispublicationandanymapincludedhereinarewithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea.Source:IEA.InternationalEnergyAgencyWebsite:www.iea.orgIEAmembercountries:AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzechRepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNewZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovakRepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublicofTürkiyeUnitedKingdomUnitedStatesTheEuropeanCommissionalsoparticipatesintheworkoftheIEAIEAassociationcountries:ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouthAfricaThailandUkraineINTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCYDefinitionsfornear-zeroandlow-emissionssteelandcement,Acknowledgementsandunderlyingemissionsmeasurementmethodologies:SummaryofemergingunderstandingsPAGE|3IEA.CCBY4.0.AcknowledgementsDefinitionsfornear-zeroandlow-emissionssteelandcement,andunderlyingemissionsmeasurementmethodologies:SummaryofemergingunderstandingswaspreparedbytheEnergyTechnologyPolicy(ETP)DivisionoftheDirectorateofSustainability,TechnologyandOutlooks(STO)oftheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA).TheprojectwasdesignedanddirectedbyTimurGül,IEAChiefEnergyTechnologyOfficer.AraceliFernandezPales,HeadoftheTechnologyandInnovationUnitprovidedguidancethroughoutthedevelopmentofthereport.TheleadauthorwasTiffanyVass.ThedevelopmentofthispaperbenefittedfromcontributionsprovidedbythefollowingIEAcolleagues:PeterLevi,IsabelGeppert,AntonellaPasetto,andAndrewRuttinger.PerAndersWidellprovidedessentialsupport.LizzieSayereditedthemanuscript.ThanksalsotoAstridDumondoftheCommunicationsandDigitalOffice.Thispaperhasbeenpreparedasafollow-uptothe2022IEAreport,AchievingNetZeroHeavyIndustrySectorsinG7Membersandthe2023IEAreportEmissionsMeasurementandDataCollectionforaNetZeroSteelIndustry,andaspartofdiscussionsoverthecourseof2024intheIEA’sWorkingPartyonIndustrialDecarbonisation(WPID)andtheClimateClub.Thepaperbenefitedfrominsightsandviewssharedbygovernmentandnon-governmentalstakeholdersinseveralWPIDandClimateClubmeetingsheldthroughouttheyear.Additionally,governmentssubmittedinputviaaquestionnaireconductedbetweenMayandAugust,andthroughdirectwrittenfeedback.Industryandothernon-governmentalreviewersprovidedessentialwrittenfeedbacktoimprovethequalityofthepaper.Theyinclude:HelénAxelsson(Jernkontoret),NiaBellandJenCarson(ClimateGroup),DanielBoeroVargas(WorldEconomicForum),AgnesBorgandJesperKansbod(SSAB),ClareBroadbent(WorldSteelAssociation),AlliDevlinandAnnieHeaton(ResponsibleSteel),SamuelFlückiger(thyssenkruppSteel),PeterHemingwayandFionaSkinner(UNIDO),YannickHemmerlé,MauroPisuandJonasTeusch(OECD),FragkoulisKanavaris(Arup),MalgorzataKasprzakandRolandKupers(UNEP),YinghaoLiuandXiangMeng(ChinaBaowu),AndrewMinson(GlobalCementandConcreteAssociation),ChristophMüller(G...
