Study Report on Renewable Energy Driving Green Industrialization PREPARED FOR DATE November 7, 2025 REFERENCE 0794652 CLIENT: Global Wind Energy Council - GWEC PROJECT NO: 0794652 DATE: November 7, 2025 VERSION: 02 – English Version SIGNATURE PAGE Study Report on Renewable Energy Driving Green Industrialization 0794652 Fernanda Britto Consulting Partner Flavia Serran Project Manager Isabel Castelo Branco Consulting Senior Associate Marcella Brunetto Consulting Assistant ERM Brazil Thera Corporate Tower Avenida Engenheiro Luis Carlos Berrini, 105 – Conjunto 171 Itaim Bibi São Paulo São Paulo Brazil 04571-010 T: +55 11 5095 7900 F: +55 11 5095 7945 © Copyright 2025 by The ERM International Group Limited and/or its affiliates (‘ERM’). All Rights Reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of ERM. STUDY REPORT ON RENEWABLE ENERGY DRIVING GREEN INDUSTRIALIZATION CLIENT: Global Wind Energy Council - GWEC PROJECT NO: 0794652 DATE: November 7, 2025 VERSION: 02 – English Version Page i CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 METHODOLOGY 6 2. ENERGY TRANSITION AND DECARBONIZATION IN BRAZIL 7 2.1 CONCEPTS AND OBJECTIVES 7 2.2 LEGAL INSTRUMENTS AND CLIMATE PLANNING IN BRAZIL 8 3. DEMAND, SUPPLY AND ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 9 3.1 ELECTRICITY DEMAND 9 3.2 ELECTRICITY SUPPLY 12 3.3 TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 15 4. CLIMATE PLAN, SBCE AND CBAM 18 5. OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY 22 5.1 TECHNICAL POTENTIAL AND LOCATIONAL ADVANTAGES 22 5.1.1 NORTHEAST 26 5.1.2 SOUTHEAST 28 5.1.3 SOUTH 29 5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSING 30 6. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 33 6.1 OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY AND PORT-INDUSTRY INTEGRATION 33 6.2...
