TheFutureofGeothermalEnergyTheIEAexaminesthefullspectrumofenergyissuesincludingoil,gasandcoalsupplyanddemand,renewableenergytechnologies,electricitymarkets,energyefficiency,accesstoenergy,demandsidemanagementandmuchmore.Throughitswork,theIEAadvocatespoliciesthatwillenhancethereliability,affordabilityandsustainabilityofenergyinits32Membercountries,13Associationcountriesandbeyond.Thispublicationandanymapincludedhereinarewithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea.Source:IEA.InternationalEnergyAgencyWebsite:www.iea.orgIEAMembercountries:AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzechRepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNewZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovakRepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublicofTürkiyeUnitedKingdomUnitedStatesTheEuropeanCommissionalsoparticipatesintheworkoftheIEAIEAAssociationcountries:ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouthAfricaThailandUkraineINTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCYTheFutureofGeothermalEnergyAbstractPAGE|3IEA.CCBY4.0.AbstractThisspecialreportfocusesongeothermal,apromisingandversatilerenewableenergyresourcewithvastuntappedpotentialforelectricitygeneration,heatingandcooling.Geothermalhasbeenapartofenergysystemsformorethan100years,butithasplayedalimitedroleonaglobalscale.Now,thegeothermalindustryisatacriticaljuncture.Newtechnologiesareenablingaccesstopreviouslyuntappedresources,whilecostreductionsandinnovativefinancingmodelsarepavingthewayforincreasinggeothermal’sroleinenergysystemsaroundtheworld.Additionally,techniquesdevelopedbytheoilandgasindustry–includingastrongunderstandingofthesubsurface,drillingandcompletingwells,predictingfluidflowsandmanaginglarge-scaleprojects–canrapidlydrivedowncostsandhelptapgeothermalresourcesdeeperintheground.However,tosuccessfullyscaleupgeothermalenergy,anumberofchallengesneedtobeaddressed,includingprojectdevelopmentrisks,permittingandlicensingprocesses,environmentalconcernsandsocialacceptance.Thisreportquantifiesthetechnicalandmarketpotentialofnext-generationgeothermalandsuggestsmeasuresthatcouldhelpreducerisks,accelerateinnovationandincreasethebankabilityofconventionalandnext-generationprojects,allowingforwidergeothermaluptake.TheFutureofGeothermalEnergyAcknowledgmentsPAGE|4IEA.CCBY4.0.Acknowledgements,contributorsandcreditsThisstudywaspreparedbytheIEA’sDirectorateofEnergyMarketsandSecurityandDirectorateofSustainability,TechnologyandOutlooks.ItwasdesignedanddirectedbyHeymiBahar,SeniorRenewableEnergyAnalystandBrentWanner,HeadofPowerSectorUnit.ChristopheMcGlade,HeadofEnergySupplyUnitcoordinatedtheanalysisontheroleoftheoilandgassector.Thereportbenefitedfromanalysis,draftingandinputfrommultiplecolleagues.TheleadauthorsofthereportwereVasiliosAnatolitis,PiotrBojek,FrançoisBriens,EricBuisson,TrevorCriswell,JulieDallard,EricFabozzi,MartinKueppers,MartinaLyons,LauraMariMartinez,BrieucNerincx,JonatanOlsen,NikolaosPapastefanakis,MaxSchoenfisch,RebeccaSchultz,JemimaStorey,CourtneyTurich,DenizUgurandPeterZeniewski.Valuablecomments,feedbackandguidancewereprovidedbyotherseniormanagementandnumerousothercolleagueswithintheIEA,inparticularKeisukeSamadori,TimGould,LauraCozziandPaoloFrankl.OtherIEAcolleagueswhohavemadeimportantcon...
