White Paper on Lithium Batteriesfor Telecom SitesMarch 2025The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expres-sion of any opinion whatsoever on the part of ITU, or Huawei concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they do not necessarily reflect those of ITU or Huawei nor of its/their respective Member States. The reference to specific companies, prod-ucts or services does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ITU or Huawei in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by ITU and Huawei to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall ITU or Huawei be liable for damages arising from its use. ITU and Huawei. 2025. White paper on Lithium batteries for telecom sites.ISBNISBN 978-92-61-40211-2 (PDF (electronic) version)ISBN 978-92-61-40221-1 (Printed version)© International Telecommunication Union and Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd., 2025Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share...