MissionInnovationNATIONALINNOVATIONPATHWAYOFTHEUNITEDSTATESWhiteHouseOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicyUnitedStatesDepartmentofEnergyUnitedStatesDepartmentofStateAPRIL20232ContentsCleanEnergyInnovationStrategy.........................................................................................................3Summary.............................................................................................................................................3Methodology.......................................................................................................................................4CleanEnergyInnovationPriorities......................................................................................................11OverviewofCleanEnergyInnovationPriorities..............................................................................11TrackingProgress.............................................................................................................................19Non-FederalGovernmentandPrivateSectorEngagement...............................................................20InternationalCollaboration.................................................................................................................21NationalEnergyInnovationEcosystem..............................................................................................223CleanEnergyInnovationStrategySummaryTheUnitedStates’NationallyDeterminedContribution(NDC)aimstoreducegreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsby50-52%from2005levelsby2030,puttingtheUnitedStatesonapathtoachievenet-zeroemissionsnolaterthan2050.TheLong-TermClimateStrategyoftheUnitedStatesoutlinesmultiplepathwaystomeetthesecommitments.Keyelementsofthisstrategyincludegoalsofacarbonpollution-freeelectricitygridby2035and50%zero-emissionvehiclesalesby2030,aswellasimprovingenergyefficiencyacrossallsectorsoftheeconomy,electrifyingend-usesectors(transport,buildings,andindustry)wherepractical,shiftingtozero-emissionorcarbon-neutralfuelsforindustriesandtransportmodesthatneedenergy-densefuels,applyingcarboncaptureandstorageforindustrieswithlargeprocess-relatedemissions,advancingcarbondioxideremoval,reducingmethaneandothernon-CO2emissions,andshiftingtomoresustainableagricultural,forestry,andlandusepractices.TosupportmeetingtheU.S.NDCandimplementationoftheLong-TermStrategy,theUnitedStateshasathreefoldnet-zerotechnologyactionplan(asillustratedinFigure1)whichwill:•InvestinR&Dforaportfolioofgame-changinginnovationstoensurethatthereisanadequatesuiteoftechnologiestoreliably,affordably,andequitablyachievenet-zeroemissionsby2050.ExamplesincludetheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy(DOE)EnergyEarthshotsTMwhichtargetspecifictechnologycostandperformancegoalsinlongdurationenergystorage,carbonremoval,cleanhydrogen,enhancedgeothermalsystems,floatingoffshorewind,andindustrialheat.Additionally,theU.S.DepartmentsofEnergy,Transportation,Agriculture,andDefense,theEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,theNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,theNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration,andtheNationalScienceFoundationhaveongoingprogramsthatinvestininnovationfrombasicsciencetodemonstrationprojectsforclimatemitigationandresilience.Awhole-of-governmentClimateInnovationWorkingGroupwasestablishedtoassesscurrentinnovationinvestmentsandguidefutureinvestments(U.S.InnovationtoMeet2050ClimateGoals:AssessingInitialR&DOpportunities).•Demonstrateandsupportearlydeploymentofemergingtechnologies.Thedemonstrationprojectswillincreasemarketconfidenceandbegintomakeequitableinvestmentsintheinfrastructureneededtoenablewidespreaddeployment.Examplesincludeadvancedoffshorewind,carboncaptureandstorage,advancednuclearpower,andadvancedgridtechnologies.TheBipartisanInfrastructureLaw(BIL)provided$21.5billionforcleanenergydemonstrationprojectsincleanhydrogen,energystorage,carboncapture,advancednuclear,directaircapture,andothertechnologies.TheInflationReductionAct(IRA)of2022complementsthiswithbillionsofdollarsindeploymentforcarboncaptureandstorage,carbondioxideremoval,andhydrogen.Figure1.Threefoldstrategyfortechnologiesneededtoachievenet-zeroGHGemissionsby2050.4•Useregulationsandfinancialincentivestoacceleratemanufacturing,deployment,andadoptionoftechnologiesthatareavailabletoday,suchassolar,wind,batteries,electricvehicles,andhighlyefficientappliancesandequipment,aswellasanexpandedtransmissionnetworktosupportmorerenewableenergyandelectrification.Scale-upofthesecleanenergytechnologiesissupportedbyneweffortstosecuresupplychainsforcriticalmaterialsandcomponents.Inadditiontodemonstrationofemergingtechnologies,fundingintheBIL(includingthe$62billionprovidedtoDOEalone)acceleratesdeploymentofcommerciallyavailablecleanenergy,cleantransitandschoolbuses,andgridmodernizationtechnologies.TheBILalsoinvestsinassociatedcleanenergyinfrastructure(suchasanationwideelectricvehiclechargingnetwork),domesticmanufacturingandsupplychaincapacity,andworkforceneeds.TheIRAprovides$370billionofincentivestodeploycommercialandemergingcleanenergytechnologiesacrosstheeconomy.TheDOELoanProgramOfficenowhasmorethan$100billioninloanauthoritytohelpdeployandscaleupinnovativecleanenergy,advancedtransportation,andtribalenergyprojectsintheUnitedStates,and$250billioninnewloanauthoritytoretoolorrepurposeenergyinfrastructureforthelow-carboneconomy.EPAisalsodevelopingrulemakingproposalstoaddresssomeofournation’slargestsourcesofbothclimate-andhealth-harmingpollution,suchasthetransportation,oilandnaturalgas,andpowersectorsandadvancelowandzeroemissionstechnologies.DocumentssummarizingtheU.S.strategyandassociatedelementsareprovidedinTable1.TheU.S.innovationstrategyalsofostersinternationalpartnershipsthroughMissionInnovation,theFirstMoversCoalition,NetZeroWorld,theGlasgowBreakthroughAgendaandanumberofbilateralagreementstoshareU.S.-ledinnovations,learnfromtheeffortsofothers,andcoordinateeffortssothatwecanmaximizetheimpactofourcollectiveinvestments.MethodologyTheU.S.nationalnet-zeroinnovationpathwayisinformedbytheNationalLong-TermClimateStrategy,whichmapsmultiplepathwaysforachievingnet-zeroemissionsnolaterthan2050.Thelong-termstrategywasdevelopedusingacombinationoftwoeconomy-wideenergymodels,GCAMandOP-NEMS.Together,themodelsprovidesector-specificpathwaysformeetingnearandlonger-termclimategoals.Themodelsincorporatetechnologiesthatareavailableandcost-competitivetoday,aswellasthoserequiringinnovationtobecomereadyforcommercialdeployment.Technologiesthatcouldplayamajorroleinmeetingourclimatetargets,butrequireinnovationtobringthemtomarket,areidentifiedasinnovationopportunities.ExamplesofinnovationopportunitiesincludetheresearchareaslistedinTable4.Manyadditionalcleanenergytechnologiesthatarealreadybroadlycommerciallyavailable—suchasconventionalsolarphotovoltaics(PV),land-basedwind,light-dutyelectricvehicles,andmanyenergyefficiencytechnologies—arenotincludedinthislist.Figure2.Methodologyforidentifyinginnovationpathways5Onceinnovationopportunitiesareidentified,multiplecriteriaareusedtoassesstechnologiesbasedontheirpotentialbenefitsforclimateandenvironment,equityandjustice,economy,andsecurity.Aligningtheinnovationportfolioacrossmultipleobjectivesiskeytosustainedsupportforinnovationsoverthenextthreedecades.AninteragencyClimateInnovationWorkingGroupischargedwithgatheringinnovationprioritiesfromtheagencies,identifyingopportunitiesandneedsforcoordination,anddevelopingacomprehensiveinnovationstrategytocreateoptionstoreduceallemissionsacrosstheeconomy.Aftertheopportunitiesareassessedandprioritized,costandperformancetargetsaredevelopedtoguideresearchanddevelopmentefforts.Methodsincludetechnoeconomicmodelling,stakeholderengagement,andexpertelicitation,allofwhichcanhelpdevelopR&Droadmapsandidentifybarrierstocommercializationandadoption.Unlikeconventionaltechnoeconomicanalysis,whichhashistoricallyfocusedontechnology-levelperformancemetricssuchaslevelized-cost-ofelectricity,thereisagrowingawarenessthatinteractionsandsynergieswithinandacrosssectorsmustbeconsidered.Agoodexampleofthisistheinnovationneededtobuildazero-emissiongrid.Whilesolarandwindenergyareoftenthelowest-costsourceofelectricitytoday,otheremergingtechnologieslikestorage,advancednuclearenergy,carboncaptureandstorage,enhancedgeothermalenergy,andfusionenergycoulddramaticallyreducethecostsandenhancetheresilienceandreliabilityof100%cleanpowersystemsinthefuture.7ExecutiveOrderonCatalyzingCleanEnergyIndustriesandJobsThroughFederalSustainabilityBiden-HarrisAdministrationExecutiveOrderthatcallsfortheFederalGovernmenttocreatesustainabilitygoalswhichleverageitsscaleandprocurementpowertoreduceemissions,whichdrivesinnovationandacceleratesdeployment.DirectstheFederalGovernmenttoachieve5ambitiousgoals:(1)100%carbonpollution-freeelectricityby2030,atleasthalflocallysuppliedtomeet24/7demand;(2)100%zero-emissionvehicleacquisitionsby2035,including100%zero-emissionlight-dutyvehicleacquisitionsby2027;(3)Net-zeroemissionsfromFederalprocurementby2050,includingaBuyCleanpolicytopromoteuseofcleanconstructionmaterials;(4)Net-zeroemissionsbuildingportfolioby2035,including50%emissionsreductionby2032;and(5)Net-zeroemissionsfromoverallFederaloperationsby2050.2021ExecutiveOrder14057FullPlanFactSheetExecutiveActiontoSpurDomesticCleanEnergyManufacturingBiden-HarrisAdministrationpresidentialdeterminationauthorizingtheuseoftheDefenseProductionAct(DPA)forcleanenergy.AuthorizestheuseoftheDPAtorapidlyexpanddomesticmanufacturingfor:solarpanelparts,buildinginsulation,heatpumps,electrolyzersandfuelcells,andpowergridequipment.2022FactSheetPresidentialDeterminations:solarpanels,insulation,heatpumps,electrolyzersandfuelcells,powergridequipment10U.S.IndustrialDecarbonizationRoadmapDOEreporttoCongressprovidingRDD&DprioritiesforU.S.industrialsectordecarbonization,coveringbothcross-cuttingandsubsector-specifictechnologiesinironandsteel,chemicals,foodandbeverage,petroleumrefining,andcement.Cross-cuttingandsubsector-specificdecarbonizationpathwaysandRDD&Dprioritiesacross:(a)energyefficiency;(b)electrification;(c)low-carbonfuels,feedstocks,andenergysources;and(d)carboncapture,utilizationandstorage(CCUS).2022FullReportFactSheetU.S.MethaneReductionActionPlanBiden-HarrisAdministrationwhole-of-governmentactionplantoreducemethaneemissionsfromoilandgas,landfills,andagricultureOutlinesacombinationofregulations,incentives,actionabledata,andpartnershipsthatisneededtoreducemethaneemissionsby30%below2020levelsby2030,pertheGlobalMethanePledge.2021FullReport1212U.S.DepartmentofEnergy(2022).FY2023StatisticalTablebyAppropriation,UsingEnacted.SolarEnergyTechnologiesOffice.Pg.1.Seehere.13InfrastructureInvestmentandJobsAct,P.L.117-58,§41007(c)(2021).Seehere.14U.S.DepartmentofEnergy(2022).FY2023StatisticalTablebyAppropriation,UsingEnacted.CCSandPowerSystemsProgram.Pg.3.Seehere.15TheWhiteHouse(2022).AGuidebookfortheBipartisanInfrastructureLawforState,Local,Tribal,andTerritorialGovernments,andOtherPartners.Pg.190.Seehere.16InfrastructureInvestmentandJobsAct,P.L.117-58,§40303(2021).Seehere.17TheWhiteHouse(2022).AGuidebookfortheBipartisanInfrastructureLawforState,Local,Tribal,andTerritorialGovernments,andOtherPartners.Pg.170.Seehere.18TheWhiteHouse(2022).AGuidebookfortheBipartisanInfrastructureLawforState,Local,Tribal,andTerritorialGovernments,andOtherPartners.Pg.168.Seehere.19TheWhiteHouse(2022).AGuidebookfortheBipartisanInfrastructureLawforState,Local,Tribal,andTerritorialGovernments,andOtherPartners.Pg.175.Seehere.AdvancedSolarBasicresearchthroughcommercial-ization(includingmanufactur-ingandsupplychainscale-up)DOESunShotGoals:Utility-scaleSolarPV:$0.2/kWhby2030;CommercialSolarPV:$0.04/kWh;ResidentialSolarPV:$0.05/kWh;ConcentratingSolarPower:$50/MWhby2030forCSPsystemintheSouthwestwithatleast12hoursofthermalenergystorage.SolarPV;concentratingsolar-thermalpower(CSP);systemsintegration;balanceofsystemssoftcostreduction;manufacturingcompetitiveness.DOEFY22Funding:$290million12fortheSolarEnergyTechnologiesOffice.BILFunding(FY22untilexpended):$80million13includingnewsolartechnologiesmanufacturing;reuseandrecycling;andresearch,development,demonstration,andcommercialization.Multi-MWpilotofhigh-temperatureandhigh-efficiencyGeneration3ConcentratingSolarPowersystemcapableof6hoursofthermalenergystorage.DOESolarEnergyTechnologiesPlanSolarFuturesStudyDOESolarTechnologyGoalsGen3CSPDemonstrationsCarbonCapture,Utilization,&StorageBasicresearchthroughcommercial-izationanddevelopmentofmonitoring,reporting,andverification(MRV)standardsDOEStrategicVision:PointSourceCarbonCapture:increasecaptureefficiencyto95+%formultipleapplications;CarbonConversion:convertCO2intoenvironmentallyresponsible,equitableandeconomicallyvaluableproducts;CarbonTransportandStorage:supportrapiddeploymentofcarbonstoragenecessarytomeetclimategoals.Point-sourcecarboncapturetechnologiessuchaspre-,post-,andoxy-combustioncarboncapture;carbonconversion;carbontransportandstorage.DOEFY22Funding:$240million14forCCSandPowerSystemsProgram.BILFunding(FY22-26):$310million15forcarbonutilizationRD&D,$100million16forcarboncapturetechnologies;and,$2.5billion17forcarbonstorageRD&D.BILFunding(FY22-26):$2.5billion18forCCUSdemonstrations,$937million19forCCUSpilots.DOEFossilEnergyandCarbonManagementStrategicVision1320JointExplanatoryStatementfortheConsolidatedAppropriationsAct,2022,P.L.117-103.Pg.876.Seehere.21TheWhiteHouse(2022).AGuidebookfortheBipartisanInfrastructureLawforState,Local,Tribal,andTerritorialGovernments,andOtherPartners.Pg.220.Seehere.22TheWhiteHouse(2022).AGuidebookfortheBipartisanInfrastructureLawforState,Local,Tribal,andTerritorialGovernments,andOtherPartners.Pg.164.Seehere.23U.S.DepartmentofEnergy(2022).FY2023StatisticalTablebyAppropriation,UsingEnacted.VehicleTechnologiesOffice.Pg.1.Seehere.24U.S.DepartmentofEnergy(2022).FY2022FundingOpportunityAnnouncement–VehicleTechnologiesOffice.Seehere.CarbonRemovalBasicresearchthroughcommercial-izationanddevelopmentofMRVstandardsDOECarbonNegativeShotGoal:reducingthecostofcarbondioxideremovaltolessthan$100permetrictonby2030.Theremovalshouldbelong-term,atgigatonscale,andshouldaccountfortheentirelifecycle.FirstMoversCoalitionAdvancedMarketCommitments:by2030,companiescommittopurchase50,000+tonnesofhighlydurableandscalablecarbondioxideremovalinadditiontomaximaldirectemissionsreductionefforts.Directaircapture(DAC)withstorage;Enhancedmineralization;BiomasswithCarbonRemovalandStorage;Directoceancapturewithstorage.DOEFY22Funding:Notlessthan$104million20forCDR.BILFunding(FY22-26):$15million21forpre-commercialDACprize.BILFunding(FY22-26):$3.5billion22forregionalDAChubs.DOEFossilEnergyandCarbonManagementStrategicVisionDOECarbonNegativeShotCleanShippingFuelsandVesselsBasicresearchthroughcommercial-izationMITargetsadoptedbyU.S.Government:By2030:200+shipstousethesezero-emissionfuelsacrossmaindeepseashippingroutes;5%+ofglobaldeep-seafleettobeshipscapableofrunningonzero-emissionfuels;10largetradeportscovering3+continentssupplyzero-emissionfuels.FirstMoversCoalitionAdvancedMarketCommitments:by2030,carrierscommitthat5%+ofdeep-seashippingwillbepoweredbyzero-emissionfuels;cargoownerscommitthat10%+ofgoodsshippedinternationallyonshipspoweredbyzero-emissionfuels.ShippingfuelsthatcanbederivedfromSAFby-products.Lifecycleassessmentandtechnicalsupportindevelopinggreencorridors.DOEFY22Funding:$420million23fortheVehicleTechnologiesOffice,including$96million24infundingopportunitiesforadvancedcleanvehicletechnologies(includingmarinevehicles).DOEprovidesadditionalfundingforsustainablemarinefuelRD&D.Noplanneddemonstrationsatthistime.FirstMoversCoalitionCommitmentScopeDOECleanVehicleFOADOESustainableMarineFuels1425U.S.DepartmentofEnergy(2022).FY2023StatisticalTablebyAppropriation,UsingEnacted.GeothermalTechnologiesOffice.Pg.1.Seehere.26U.S.DepartmentofEnergy(2022).BipartisanInfrastructureLawRequestforInformation-EnhancedGeothermalSystemsPilotDemonstrations.Seehere.27U.S.DepartmentofEnergy(2022).FY2023StatisticalTablebyAppropriation,UsingEnacted.FusionEnergySciencesProgram.Pg.4.Seehere.28EnergyandWaterDevelopmentandRelatedAgenciesAppropriationsBill,2022,HouseReport117-98,117thCongress(2021).Pg.150.Seehere.29InflationReductionActof2022,P.L.117-169,§50172(a)(3)(2022).Seehere.EnhancedGeothermalSystemsBasicresearchthroughdemonstra-tionDOEEnhancedGeothermalShotGoal:reducethecostofEnhancedGeothermalSystems(EGS)electricityto$45/MWhby2035.Resourcecharacterization;wellconstruction;reservoirproductioncapableofhigherfluidflowsforlargergenerationcapacity.DOEFY22Funding:$110million25forGeothermalTechnologiesOffice.BILFunding(FY22untilexpended):$84million26for4EGSpilots.GeoVisionReportGeothermalTechnologiesOfficeProgramPlanFusionEnergyBasicresearchthroughdemonstra-tionNationalGoal:PursueR&Dtoenablethedesign,construction,andoperationofafusionpilotplant(FPP)onadecadaltimescale.Viableplasmafusioncore(magnetic,inertial,andmagneto-inertialapproaches);Advancedlow-activationmaterials;Tritiumbreeding,separation,processing;Balance-of-planttechnologies.DOEFY22Funding:$713million27forFusionEnergySciences,$45million28tolaunchamilestone-basedpublic-privatepartnershipprogram.IRAFunding(FY22-27):$280million29forfusionresearchfacilities.Noneatthistime,but$45M25ofFY22fundingsupportsanewmilestone-basedpublic-private-partnershiptosupportappliedR&DtowardoneormoreFPPs.WhiteHouseFactSheetFusionEnergySciencesAdvisoryCommitteeReportNationalAcademiesReport1530U.S.DepartmentofEnergy(2022).FY2023StatisticalTablebyAppropriation,UsingEnacted.HydrogenandFuelCellTechnologiesOffice.Pg.1.Seehere.31TheWhiteHouse(2022).AGuidebookfortheBipartisanInfrastructureLawforState,Local,Tribal,andTerritorialGovernments,andOtherPartners.Pg.173.Seehere.32TheWhiteHouse(2022).AGuidebookfortheBipartisanInfrastructureLawforState,Local,Tribal,andTerritorialGovernments,andOtherPartners.Pg.182.Seehere.33TheWhiteHouse(2022).AGuidebookfortheBipartisanInfrastructureLawforState,Local,Tribal,andTerritorialGovernments,andOtherPartners.Pg.159.Seehere.34U.S.DepartmentofEnergy(2022).FY2023StatisticalTablebyAppropriation,UsingEnacted.AdvancedManufacturingOffice.Pg.1.Seehere.35U.S.DepartmentofEnergy(2022).FundingOpportunityAnnouncement-CleanEnergyManufacturingInnovationInstituteforIndustrialDecarbonization.Seehere.36TheWhiteHouse(2022).AGuidebookfortheBipartisanInfrastructureLawforState,Local,Tribal,andTerritorialGovernments,andOtherPartners.Pg.184.Seehere.37InflationReductionActof2022,P.L.117-169,§50161(a)(2022).Seehere.Hydrogen(H2)Basicresearchthroughcommercial-izationDOEHydrogenShotGoal:$1/kgforcleanhydrogenproductionwithin10years.DOEDeliveryandDispensingGoal:$2/kgby2030.DOEStorageGoal:$9/kWhby2030.DOEElectrolyzerGoal:$150/kW;73%efficiency;80,000-hourdurability.DOEFuelCellsforHeavy-DutyTrucksGoal:$80/kW;25,000-hrdurability.Production:electrolysis;naturalgaswithCCUS;advancedrenewablepathways;othercarbon-basedfeedstocks.Use:StorageandInfrastructure;FuelCells;Turbines&Combustion;SystemsAnalysis.DOEFY22Funding:$158million30forH2andFuelCellTechnologiesOffice.BILFunding(FY22-26):$1billion31forCleanH2Electrolysis,$500million32forCleanH2ManufacturingandRecycling.BILFunding(FY22-26):$8billion33forcleanhydrogenhubs.DOEHydrogenShotDOEHydrogenProgramPlanIndustrialDecarbonizationBasicresearchthroughcommercial-izationDOEIndustrialHeatShotGoal:Developcost-competitivetechnologieswithatleast85%lowerGHGemissionsby2035.FirstMoversCoalitionAdvancedMarketCommitments:2030purchasingofnear-zerocarbonsteelandaluminumandwillincludestandardsforhighlydecarbonizedcement/concreteandchemicalsbyearly2023.Cost-competitive,low-orzero-carbonalternativesforprocessheatingandintegrationofcleanheat;Cost-competitive,low-orzero-carbonsteel,cement,andchemicalsproductionDOEFY22Funding:$416million34fortheAdvancedManufacturingOffice,including$70million35tocreateanewCleanEnergyManufacturingInnovationInstitute.BILFunding(FY22untilexpended):$500million36forindustrialemissionsdemonstrations.IRAfunding:$5.8billion37foradvancedindustrialfacilitydemonstrationprojects.FactSheetFirstMoversCoalitionCommitments:Steel;AluminumDOEThermalProcessIntensificationIndustrialDecarbonizationRoadmap1638JointExplanatoryStatementfortheConsolidatedAppropriationsAct,2022,P.L.117-103.Pg.876.Seehere.39U.S.DepartmentofEnergy(2022).BipartisanInfrastructureLawRequestforInformation-LongDurationEnergyStorageforEveryone,Everywhere(LDESEE)Initiative.Seehere.40U.S.DepartmentofEnergy(2021).DOEAnnouncesNearly$200MilliontoReduceEmissionsFromCarsandTrucks.Seehere.LongDurationEnergyStorageBasicresearchthroughcommercial-izationLongDurationStorageShotGoal:Reducestoragecostsby90%froma2020Li-ionbaselineinstoragesystemsthatdeliver10+hoursofdurationin1decade.Low-costlongdurationstoragetechnologies.DOEFY22Funding:Notlessthan$500million38forenergystorage,includingfundingforRD&DactivitiesthatsupporttheEnergyStorageGrandChallenge.BILFunding(FY22untilexpended):$505million39LongDurationEnergyStorageforEveryone,EverywhereInitiative.DOELongDurationStorageShotBILInitiativeEnergyStorageGrandChallengeRoadmapCleanHeavy-DutyVehicles(HDVs)Basicresearchthroughdemonstra-tion2021ExecutiveOrder:Establishairemission,GHG,andfuelefficiencystandardsforHDVsfor2027+.FirstMoversCoalitionAdvancedMarketCommitments:Zero-emissionmediumandheavy-dutyvehicles(batteryorfuel-cell)andcleanelectricity/H2refueling.DOERD&DGoals:SuperTruckIII:Demonstrate75%reductioninGHGandairemissions;Reducetotalcostofownershipcomparedto2020/21.FuelCellsforHeavy-DutyTrucks:$80/kW;25,000-hrdurability.Cost-competitivelow-carbonalternativesforheavyon-roadtruckingandoff-roadvehicles,including:electrification,hydrogen,biofuels,andelectrofuels,includingplanningforcleancorridorinfrastructure.DOEFY22Funding:$420million20fortheVehicleTechnologiesOffice,including$96million21infundingopportunitiesforadvancedcleanvehicletechnologies(includingHDVtechnologyandrefueling).DOErecentlyawarded$127million40forprojectsundertheSuperTruckIIIprogram.BILalsoprovidesfundingviatheJointOfficeforEnergyandTransportationforpilotsanddemonstrationstosupportanationwideEVchargingnetwork.ExecutiveOrder14037Biden-HarrisAdministrationCleanTrucksPlan1741U.S.DepartmentofEnergy(2022).FY2023StatisticalTablebyAppropriation,UsingEnacted.BuildingTechnologiesOffice.Pg.1.Seehere.42U.S.DepartmentofEnergy.DOEAwards$32MilliontoAccelerateNext-GenerationBuildingUpgrades.Seehere.MethaneReductionBasicresearchthroughcommercial-izationGlobalMethanePledge:Reduceoverallmethaneemissionsby30%below2020levelsby2030.LandfillGoals:70%emissionscaptureatallU.S.landfills;50%reducedfoodwasteby2030.AgricultureGoals:Promotingagriculturalpracticesandcommoditiesthatreducemethane(andsequestercarbon);Measuringandmonitoringemissionsandsequestration.EPAMethanePartnership:Addressmethaneinagriculture,coalmining,oilandgas,andlandfills.Agriculture:Measuring,monitoring,andreducingmethaneandN20emissionsfromlivestockandcropproduction.OtherSources:Measuring,monitoring,andreducingmethaneemissionsfromnon-agriculturalSources,suchasoilandgassystems,landfills,andreservoirs.DOEFY22Funding:IncludesfundingformethanemitigationandquantificationRD&D.USDAFY22Funding:IncludesfundingforlivestockmethaneRD&D.EPAFY22Funding:IncludingfundingformethanemeasurementRD&D.Noplanneddemonstrationsatthistime.U.S.MethaneEmissionsReductionActionPlanMethanePartnershipDOEMethaneEmissionsReductionNet-ZeroBuildingsBasicresearchthroughcommercial-izationRD&Dgoalsunderdevelopment.Cost-competitivenet-zerobuildingconstructionandoperation,includingnet-zeroornet-negativebuildingmaterials.DOEFY22Funding:$308million41fortheBuildingTechnologiesOffice.DOErecentlyawarded$32million42foraseriesofAdvancedBuildingConstructiondemonstrations.DOEBuildingEfficiencyDemonstrationProjects1843U.S.DepartmentofEnergy(2022).FY2023StatisticalTablebyAppropriation,UsingEnacted.WindEnergyTechnologiesOffice.Pg.1.Seehere.44U.S.DepartmentofEnergy(2022).FY2023StatisticalTablebyAppropriation,UsingEnacted.BioenergyTechnologiesOffice.Pg.1.Seehere.45FederalAviationAdministration(2022).SustainableAviationFuels(SAF).Seehere.OffshoreWindBasicresearchthroughcommercial-izationNationalGoal:30GWofoffshorewinddeploymentby2030.DOEFloatingOffshoreWindShot:reducethecostby>70%to$45/MWhindeepwatersby2035.Robustnesstooceanconditions;reducedenvironmentalimpacts;technicalchallengeswithinstallationandgridconnection;improvedefficienciesandeconomiesofscale;developfloatingplatformdesignsfordeeperwaters.DOEFY22Funding:$114million43forWindEnergyTechnologiesOffice.DOEsupportsaportfolioofoffshorewinddemonstrationprojects,includingprojectsunderconstructionoffthecoastsofLakeErieandNewEngland.WhiteHouseFactSheetNationalOffshoreWindStrategyDemonstrationProjectsSustainableAviationFuels(SAF)Basicresearchthroughcommercial-izationSAFGrandChallenge:3billiongalSAFby2030(50%+lifecycleGHGreduction);meet100%ofaviationdemandby2050;approvalofadditionalconversionpathways.FirstMoversCoalitionAdvancedMarketCommitments:airlinesandtransportcompaniesreplace5%+jetfueldemand/airfare;freightpurchasersreplace5%ofdemandwithSAFswith85%+GHGreductionornear-zeroemissionspropulsiontechnologies.UtilizingallpotentialbiomassandCO2feedstocks;Multiplenewconversionpathwayswillbeexploredinadditiontothe7alreadyapproved.DOEFY22Funding:$262million44forBioenergyTechnologiesOffice.DOTFY22Funding:$16million45forFederalAviationAdministration(FAA)onSAF.USDAFY22Funding:IncludesfundingthatsupportsbiofuelproductionR&D.AnnualinvestmentsinscalingupSAFtechnologiesplannedthrough2030.SAFGrandChallengeFactSheet&MOUFirstMoversCoalitionCommitmentFAAClimateActionPlan19TrackingProgressNumerousindicatorsareusedtotrackprogressofourinnovationpriorities.TheindicatorsaretrackedbytheFederalGovernment,butalsobyuniversities,researchinstitutionssuchasnationallabs,andprivatesectorinvestors.Theseincludethefollowing.1.Milestonetracking.Atthemostbasiclevel,government-supportedinnovationtracksprogresstowardsmilestoneslaidoutingrantapplicationsandcontracts.Milestonesaretypicallytiedtoadatewhenimportantgoalsaremet,suchas:proof-of-conceptachieved;notableperformanceimprovement;technologyandsystemoptimization;demonstration;andcommercialization.2.Trackingcostandperformancegoals.Keyperformanceindicatorssuchasenergyefficiency,energyreturnoninvestment,energydensity,cyclelifeorlongevity,lifecycleemissionreductions,andprogresstowardscostparityaretrackedforgovernmentandprivatesectorinvestmentininnovativetechnologies.3.Numberofpatentsissued.Generationofintellectualproperty,asakeyindicatorofprogressandsuccess,istrackedforallgovernmentresearchgrants.4.Publicationsandcitations.Numbersofpublicationsandcitationsaretrackedforgovernmentsponsoredresearchgrants.5.Levelofprivatesectorinvestment.Directorfollow-oninvestmentbytheprivatesectorisakeyindicatorofsuccessandistrackedformostgovernmentresearchgrants.6.Numberofcompaniesstarted,generatingincome,andachievingprofitability.Thenumberofcompaniesformedduringoraftercompletionofaresearchgrantistrackedforsome,butnotall,researchgrants.Inaddition,ithasbecomeabestpracticetotrackinvestmentinthosecompanies,whenandiftheygopublic,whentheystartgeneratingrevenue,andwhentheybecomeprofitable.20Non-FederalGovernmentandPrivateSectorEngagementPartnershipswiththeprivatesectorarecentraltotheU.S.approachtocleanenergyinnovation,fromRD&Dthroughfullscalecommercialdeployment.DOEpartnerswithindustry,nationallaboratories,universities,non-profits,stateandlocalgovernments,andotherstakeholdersacrosstheUnitedStatestoadvanceprimaryscienceandearlytechnologicalbreakthroughstocommerciallyviabledemonstrations.Creatingtherightenablingenvironmentforprivatesectorinnovationrequiresongoingandopendialoguebetweenindustryandgovernment,withacommonfactbasearoundthepathtocommercialscaleandsuccess.Early-stageincubatorslikeDOE’sAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency–Energy(ARPA-E)andtechnologytransferprogramsliketheLabEmbeddedEntrepreneursProgramacceleratethetransitionfromlabtomarket.Grants,cooperativeagreements,prizes,andotherformsoffinancialandtechnicalassistanceplayacriticalroleinenablingandde-riskingtechnologiesastheymovefromappliedresearchtopilotandfirst-of-a-kindcommercialdemonstrationprojects.ThenewDOEOfficeofCleanEnergyDemonstrations(OCED)wascreatedtofillacriticalgapinfundinginnovativelarge-scaledemonstrationsonthepathtocommercialscale.PublicsectorfinanceentitieslikeDOE’sLoanProgramsOfficeworktoacceleratethebankabilityoftechnologiesbyprovidingthefirstdebtfinancingtheseinnovativetechnologiesreceive,educatingprivatelendersandinstitutionalinvestorsonhowtounderwritedeployments.TheManufacturingUSAinitiative,whichinvolvesmultipleFederalagenciesengaginginpublic-privatepartnershipwiththousandsoforganizations,isanotherelementtoscalingupmanycleanenergytechnologiesandtrainingthenext-generationworkforcetoenabletheUnitedStatestodelivercleanproductsathomeandexportthemabroad.Otherpublic-privatepartnershipprogramssuchastheFirstMoversCoalitionmobilizecollectivedemand,creatingvoluntaryadvancedmarketcommitmentsforinnovativeclimatetechnologiesthatdriveinnovationandacceleratedeployment.TheFirstMoversCoalitionisaglobalinitiativethatharnessesthepurchasingpowerofcompaniestodecarbonizehard-to-abateindustrialsectorsthatcurrentlyaccountfor30percentofglobalemissions.Finally,statepolicieslikecleanenergystandards,low-carbonfuelstandards,andotherprocurementmandatesandadvancedmarketcommitmentscreatestrongandstabledemandsignalsforcleanenergytechnologycompanies.AttheFederallevel,incentivesprovideanadditionalsourceofstabilityandriskmitigation.Mostrecently,theInflationReductionActof2022extendedorcreatedtaxcreditsforadoptionofcleantechnologiesacrossmanysectors—includingforcleanelectricity,cleanhydrogenandotherfuels,carboncaptureandcarbonremoval,energyefficiency,andelectricvehiclesandappliances—aswellasformanufacturingofmanycleanenergytechnologies.21InternationalCollaborationTheU.S.GovernmentengagesinmultipleinternationalscienceandtechnologycollaborationsinordertomaintainthestrengthandgloballeadershipoftheU.S.innovationbase.Itprioritizesinternationalcollaborationtotacklecleanenergyinnovationprioritiesinmanyways.Itholdsmultiplestrategicenergydialogueswithpartnersandalliestosetoutcollaborationprioritiesonabilateralbasisandimplementsthoseideasthroughworkinggroupsandothermechanisms.Forexample,itcarriesoutbilateralengagementssuchastheU.S.-IndiaPartnershiptoAdvanceCleanEnergy-Research(PACE-R),andtheU.S.-IsraelCenterofExcellenceinEnergy,EngineeringandWaterTechnology(EnergyCenter).IthasalsolaunchedanewprogramcalledNetZeroWorldInitiativewhichworkshand-in-handwithpartnercountriestoco-createandimplementtailored,actionabletechnicalandinvestmentroadmapstoincreasethespeedandscaleoftransitiontonetzeroenergysystems.TheU.S.Governmentalsoengagesinmultiplemultilateralfora,includingleadershippositionsinMissionInnovation(MI)andtheCleanEnergyMinisterial(CEM).InMissionInnovation,itsitsontheSteeringCommitteeinaVice-Chairrole,andwillassumetheChairmanshipfor2023.Further,itco-leadsthreeoftheresearchMissions—CleanHydrogen,Zero-EmissionShipping,andCarbonDioxideRemoval—aswellasaninnovationcommunityonSustainableAviationFuelsinpartnershipwithIndia.TobuildontheZero-EmissionsShippingMission,theUnitedStatesandNorwaywillalsoannounceaGreenShippingChallengetoencouragesgovernmentsandcompaniestocollaborativelyaddressemissionsfromtheinternationalshippingsector.TheU.S.GovernmentisalsoinaleadershippositioninCEMasaco-chairandleadsorparticipatesinnumerousworkstreamsunderCEM.TheU.S.Governmentalsolaunchedtwointernationalinitiatives:theFirstMoversCoalitionandtheCleanEnergyTechnologiesDemonstrationChallenge.TheFirstMoversCoalitionhaswelcomedninegovernmentpartnersinadditiontotheUnitedStates(Denmark,Germany,India,Italy,Japan,Norway,Singapore,Sweden,andtheUnitedKingdom).TheCleanEnergyTechnologiesDemonstrationChallengeisaninternationalefforttoraiseatleast$90billioninpublicfundinggloballyby2026tobuildcommercial-scaledemonstrationprojectsthattheIEAreportsareneededtoachievenet-zeroemissionsby2030.TheUnitedStates,throughDOE’sOCED,isexpectedtomobilizeover$27billioninsupportoftheChallenge.Thesepublicinvestmentswillleverageadditionalprivateinvestmentsandadvanceinnovativetechnologiesalreadyindemandbytheworld’slargestcompaniesthrougheffortssuchastheFirstMoversCoalition.22NationalEnergyInnovationEcosystemThescaleoftheclimatecrisisrequiresahistoriceffortbetweenthepublicandprivatesectorsinthenationalenergyinnovationecosystemtoconductbasicscienceresearchthatleadstonewdiscoveries,advanceearly-stageresearchfromthelabtoprototypes,demonstrateemergingtechnologiestoaccelerateinnovation,andscaletechnologiestobroadermarketadoption.Technologiesemergeandadvancethroughaniterativenon-linearfeedbackprocessinthisecosystemofcuriosity-drivenresearch,inventionanddesign,testingandevaluation,demonstration,learning-by-doing,manufacturing,andmarketadoptionallcontributingtonewknowledgedrivinginnovation.Eachcomponentisacriticalelement,andU.S.publicandprivateinstitutionsplayakeyrole.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyandits17NationalLaboratoriesareessentialinstitutionsinthenationalenergyinnovationecosystem,providingunparalleledscience,technology,computing,engineering,andotherexpertisethatscalesciencefromdiscoverytoadoption.Overthenextfiveyears,theBipartisanInfrastructureLawenablesDOEtolaunch60newprograms(including16demonstrationand32deploymentprograms)andexpandfundingfor12existingresearch,development,demonstration,anddeploymentprograms.TheInflationReductionActprovidesDOEwithanadditional$35billionforprogramstosupportinnovationanddeploymentinindustrialdecarbonization,buildingenergyefficiency,andenergyinfrastructure,amongothertechnologyareas.TheDepartmentofEnergy’sbasicandappliedscienceandenergyprograms,ARPA-Eprogram,LoanProgramOffice,OfficeofTechnologyTransitions,andOfficeofCleanEnergyDemonstrationshelpdiscover,design,demonstrate,deploy,andscaleupinnovativecleanenergyintheUnitedStates.ManyotherFederalagenciesarecriticalcomponentsofthissystem,includingtheDepartmentsofAgriculture,Transportation,Interior,Defense,andCommerce,theEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,andNationalScienceFoundation.Anexpanded,optimized,andsustainedeffortbyFederalagenciesonnet-zeroR&Deffortswilladvancethecleanenergyinnovationnecessarytoreachnet-zeroemissions.Privatetechnology,finance,engineering,infrastructure,andotherfirmsarefoundationalinstitutionsinthisecosysteminordertoscaleanddiffusenewcleanenergytechnologies.Philanthropicandnon-governmentalinstitutionsfillimportantfundingandadvocacyroles.Finally,universitiesandcollegesgeneratenewknowledgeandtrainthenextgenerationworkforceneededforthecleanenergytransition.23Table5:CleanEnergyInnovationInstitutionsInstitutionnameDescriptionofroleInnovationprioritiesfromTable4thattheycontributetoDescriptionoffundingmodalitiesLinksU.S.DepartmentofEnergy(DOE)DOEsupportsresearchfromearlystagetocommercializationthroughasetofbasicandappliedresearchprograms,theLoanProgramOffice,andARPA-E(seebelow).Batteries,Nuclear,Solar,CCUS,CarbonRemoval,Shipping,Geothermal,Fusion,Hydrogen,IndustrialDecarbonization,LongDurationEnergyStorage,HDVs,MethaneReduction,Buildings,OffshoreWind,SustainableAviationFuels.DOEperformsFederalRD&Dthroughasystemofnationallaboratoriesandalsoprovidesgrants,contracts,andloansacrossthedevelopmentcycletouniversities,researchinstitutions,businesses,andstate,local,andTribalgovernmentsthroughoutthecountry.DOEDOENationalLaboratoriesDOEsupportsitsNationalLaboratoriestoperformresearchtodeveloplowcarbontechnologiesandprovideaccesstocuttingedgeresearchuserfacilities.TheDOENationalLaboratoriesalsoengageincollaborativeresearchwithoutsidepartiesandperformresearchforotherFederalagencies,states,andtoalimiteddegree,theprivatesector.Batteries,Nuclear,Solar,CCUS,CarbonRemoval,Shipping,Geothermal,Fusion,Hydrogen,IndustrialDecarbonization,LongDurationEnergyStorage,HDVs,MethaneReduction,Buildings,OffshoreWind,SustainableAviationFuels.TheNationalLaboratoriesreceivegrantsandcontractsfromFederalandstateagencies,andtoalimiteddegreefromtheprivatesector.NationalLaboratoriesDOEAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency–Energy(ARPA-E)Agencyadvancinghigh-potentialhigh-impactenergytechnologiesthataretooearlyforprivate-sectorinvestmentthroughfunding,technicalassistance,andmarketreadiness.Batteries,Nuclear,Solar,CCUS,CarbonRemoval,Shipping,Geothermal,Fusion,Hydrogen,IndustrialDecarbonization,LongDurationEnergyStorage,HDVs,MethaneReduction,Buildings,OffshoreWind,SustainableAviationFuels.ARPA-Ehasprovidedover$3billioninR&Dfundingformorethan1,300potentiallytransformationalenergytechnologyprojects.190teamshavetogetherraisedmorethan$10billioninprivate-sectorfollow-onfunding,andasofApril2022,ARPA-Ehashad25exitswithatotalreportedvalueof$21.6billion.ARPA-E24U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)USDAperformsRD&Donagriculturalpractices,conservation,bio-basedproductsandenergyprimarilythroughitsAgriculturalResearchService,NationalInstituteofFoodandAgriculture,andForestService.USDAalsoperformstechnoeconomicresearchonrenewableenergy,bio-basedproducts,andclimate-smartagriculturalcommodities.CarbonRemoval,MethaneReduction,SustainableAviationFuels.USDAperformsFederalRD&DthroughasystemofFederallaboratoriesandalsoprovidesgrantsandcontractsforresearchacrossthedevelopmentcycletouniversities,researchinstitutions,andbusinessesthroughoutthecountry.ARSForestServiceNIFAU.S.DepartmentofTransportation(DOT)DOTperformsR&Donadvancedtransportationsafetyapproachesandtechnologies,connectivity-enabledIntelligentTransportationSystems,andinnovativeinfrastructurematerialsandconstructionandmaintenanceprocesses.Batteries,BuildingsandIndustry(low-carbonmaterials),CCUS(carbontransport),HDVs,Shipping,SustainableAviationFuels.DOTprovidesgrants,contractsandcooperativeagreementtouniversities,nationallaboratories,andcompanies,tosupportR&Dandfunctionaltesting.Inaddition,DOThasseveralFederallaboratoriesthatalsoperformresearchandtesting.DOTU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)EPAisdevelopingrulemakingstoaddressGHGsfromthetransportation,oilandnaturalgas,andpowersectors.Thisincludes,forexample,facilitatingthetransitiontonext-generationtechnologiesthatdonotrelyonHFCs,andspeedingthetransitionofthelight-dutyvehiclefleettowardazero-emissionsfuture.EPAResearchCentersandProgramsalsoperformresearchonenvironmental,humanhealth,andjusticeimpactsofcleanenergytransitions,andisperformingRD&Doncarbonremovalinnear-shoremarineenvironmentsandmethodsformeasuringandmitigatingmethaneemissions.MethaneReduction,CarbonRemoval,Batteries,CCUS,HDVs,Buildings(HFCphase-out),SustainableAviationFuels.EPAprovidesgrantsandcontractstouniversities,nationallaboratories,andcompanies,tosupportRDD&D.Inaddition,EPAhasanumberofResearchCentersandProgramsthatalsoperformresearch.EPA25U.S.DepartmentofDefense(DoD)DoDisthesinglelargestenergyconsumerintheU.S.,withpetroleum-basedfuelsbyfarthedominantsource.DoDcontributestodevelopmentofnext-generationenergytechnologies,includingthefollowingfocusareas:reduceddependenceonfossilfuels,smartandsecureenergymanagement,increasedbuildingefficiency,distributedgeneration,andincreasedsustainabilityofitsweaponssystemandvehiclemanufacturing,maintenance,andoperation.Nuclear,Buildings,HDVs,SustainableAviationFuels,Batteries.DoDperformsFederalRD&Dandprovidesgrantsandcontractsacrossthedevelopmentcycletouniversities,researchinstitutions,andbusinessesthroughoutthecountry.DODhasanumberofregionalFederallaboratoriesthatalsoperformresearch.SERDP/ESTCPOECIFU.S.DepartmentofCommerceTheDepartmentofCommercehousestheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST)–whichperformsresearchonadvancedmanufacturing,advancedtransportation,advancedmaterial,andcyber-physicalinfrastructure,amongotherthings.ItalsohousestheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA),whichperformsR&Donmeasurement,monitoring,andmodellingoftheocean,atmosphere,andcoastalresources.NIST:Batteries,Nuclear,Solar,CCUS,CarbonRemoval,Shipping,Geothermal,Fusion,Hydrogen,IndustrialDecarbonization,LongDurationEnergyStorage,HDVs,MethaneReduction,Buildings,OffshoreWind,SustainableAviationFuels.NOAA:Solar,OffshoreWind,CarbonRemoval,CCUS,Shipping,MethaneReduction.TheDepartmentofCommerceperformsFederalRD&DthroughasystemofFederallaboratoriesandalsoprovidesgrantsandcontractsforresearchacrossthedevelopmentcycletouniversities,researchinstitutions,andbusinessesthroughoutthecountry.NISTNOAANationalScienceFoundation(NSF)NSFsupportsfundamentalscientificresearchthatunderpinsmanyofthedevelopmentsneededinalloftheseclimateandenergytechnologies.Batteries,Solar,CCUS,CarbonRemoval,Shipping,Geothermal,Hydrogen,IndustrialDecarbonization,LongDurationEnergyStorage,HDVs,MethaneReduction,Buildings,OffshoreWind,SustainableAviationFuels.NSFsupportsscienceandengineeringresearchprojects,facilities,andSTEMeducation.NSFfundsresearchinallstatesandU.S.territories-reaching2,000academicandotherprivateandpublicinstitutions.NSFalsosupportsinnovationbysmallbusinesses,partnershipsamongacademia,industry,andnationallaboratories,andresearchinnon-profitnon-academicorganizations.NSF26FirstMoversCoalitionPublic-privateinitiativespurringinnovationdevelopmentanddeploymentbycreatingadvancedmarketcommitmentsforhighlydecarbonizedmaterials.CarbonRemoval,Shipping,IndustrialDecarbonization,HDVs,SustainableAviationFuels.Privatecompanies,withsupportoftheU.S.Government,committopurchasingspecificamountsofmaterialsthatmeetshareddecarbonizationstandardsby2030.Commitmentsaresector-specific(steel,aluminum,cement,chemicals,shipping,trucking,aviation,carbonremoval)socleantechnologycompaniesreceivecleardemandsignalsandassurancesaboutmarketsizewithinthenextdecade.FirstMoversCoalitionUniversitiesandCollegesUniversitiesacrossthecountryperformresearch–frombasicsciencetoappliedresearchonabroadrangeoftopicsrelatedtothepriorityinnovationsdiscussedhere.Universitiesarealsothesourceofmanycleanenergystart-ups.Batteries,Nuclear,Solar,CCUS,CarbonRemoval,Shipping,Geothermal,Fusion,Hydrogen,IndustrialDecarbonization,LongDurationEnergyStorage,HDVs,MethaneReduction,Buildings,OffshoreWind,SustainableAviationFuels.Universitiesreceivegifts,grants,andcontractsforperformingresearchandworkforcetraining.Non-ProfitsandFoundationsTherearemanyprivatesectorcompanies,investors,consortiaandpartnershipsinvestinginnextgenerationcleanenergytechnologies.Batteries,Nuclear,Solar,CCUS,CarbonRemoval,Shipping,Geothermal,Fusion,Hydrogen,IndustrialDecarbonization,LongDurationEnergyStorage,HDVs,MethaneReduction,Buildings,OffshoreWind,SustainableAviationFuels.VariousPrivateSectorOrganizationsTherearemanyprivatesectorcompanies,investors,consortiaandpartnershipsinvestinginnextgenerationcleanenergytechnologies.Batteries,Nuclear,Solar,CCUS,CarbonRemoval,Shipping,Geothermal,Fusion,Hydrogen,IndustrialDecarbonization,LongDurationEnergyStorage,HDVs,MethaneReduction,Buildings,OffshoreWind,SustainableAviationFuels.Various
VIP
